Assessing the impact of early warning and evacuation on human losses during the 2021 Ahr Valley flood in Germany using agent-based modelling
Between 12 and 19 July 2021, a quasi-stationary atmospheric low-pressure system named Bernd caused intense precipitation on already-saturated soil, resulting in severe flooding in Germany, Belgium, and the Netherlands.The Ahr Valley in Rhineland-Palatinate was particularly affected, with approximately 42 000 residents impacted, around 8800 building